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The apostle called Simon, Simon the Zealot, in (Luke 6:15 ) and (Acts 1:13 ); and Simon Kananaios or Simon Cananeus ("Simon" signifying שמעון "hearkening; listening", Standard Hebrew (unicode:Šimʿon), Tiberian Hebrew (unicode:Šimʿôn), "Shim'on"), was one of the most obscure among the apostles of Jesus. A few pseudepigraphical writings were connected to him, and the theologian and Doctor of the Church, Saint Jerome, does not include him in ''De viris illustribus'' written between 392–393 AD.〔"This work (viris illustribus ), as he reveals at its start and finish, was completed in the fourteenth year of Theodosius, that is, between 19 January 392 and 18 January 393." A.D. Booth, "The Chronology of Jerome's Early Years," Phoenix 35 (1981), p.241.〕 ==Identity== The name Simon occurs in all of the synoptic gospels and the Book of Acts each time there is a list of apostles, without further details: To distinguish him from Simon Peter, he is called ''Kananaios'', or ''Kananites'' ((Matthew 10:4 ), (Mark 3:18 )), and in the list of apostles in Luke 6:15, repeated in Acts 1:13, ''Zelotes,'' the "Zealot". Both titles derive from the Hebrew word ''qana'', meaning ''The Zealous'', though Jerome and others mistook the word to signify the apostle was from the town of Cana, in which case his epithet would have been "Kanaios" or even from the region of Canaan. As such, the translation of the word as "the Cananite" or "the Canaanite" is traditional and without contemporary extra-canonic parallel. Robert Eisenman has pointed out〔Robert Eisenman, ''James the Brother of Jesus: The Key to Unlocking the Secrets of Early Christianity and the Dead Sea Scrolls.'' (Viking Penguin). 1997. :33–34.〕 contemporary talmudic references to Zealots as ''kanna'im'' "but not really as a group — rather as avenging priests in the Temple". Eisenman's broader conclusions, that the zealot element in the original apostle group was disguised and overwritten to make it support the assimilative Pauline Christianity of the Gentiles, are more controversial. John P. Meier points out that the term "Zealot" is a mistranslation and in the context of the Gospels means "zealous" or "jealous" (in this case, for keeping the Law of Moses), as the Zealot movement did not exist until 30 to 40 years after the events of the Gospels. However, neither Brandon, nor Hengel support this view, both independently concluding that the revolt by Judas the Galilean, arising from the census of Quirinius in 6 AD, was the ultimate origin of the "Jewish Freedom Movement", which developed via the "Fourth Philosophy" Group into the Zealots, even by the time of Jesus. Both of these researchers suggest that "Simon Zelotes" was indeed a Zealot belonging to this Movement, and perhaps that other disciples were also. The very concept of the Messiah (the Jewish concept: not the Pauline Christian one) is in keeping with this Movement. However, Hengel (in particular) concluded that Jesus himself was ''not'' a zealot, as much of his teaching was actually ''contrary'' to Fourth Philosophy views. It ultimately proved very unfortunate indeed for Jesus that the Zealots should have infiltrated his own Following : Messianic zeal and Life-Wisdom proved a dangerous mix. In the Gospels, Simon the Zealot is never identified with Simon the brother of Jesus mentioned in ''Gospel of Mark'' 6:3 : ''3 Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon, and are not his sisters here with us?” And they took offense at him.''(NRSV)The Catholic Encyclopedia suggests that Simon the Zealot may be the same person as Simeon of Jerusalem or Simon the brother of Jesus. He could perhaps be the cousin of Jesus or a son of Joseph from a previous marriage.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02767a.htm )〕 The Eastern Orthodox Church tradition holds that it was Simon's wedding that Christ and his disciples attended in Cana of Galilee in which Christ turned water in six stone jars to wine. He is called zealot because in seeing this miracle, Simon left his home, his parents and his bride and followed Christ. It is also said that after Pentecost, his mission was in a place called Mauretania in Africa. Another tradition holds that this is the Simeon of Jerusalem who became the second bishop of Jerusalem, although he was born in Galilee.〔(St. Simon the Apostle ), from the ''Catholic Encyclopedia''〕〔Appendix to the Works of Hippolytus 49.11〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Simon the Zealot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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